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Introduction to Compound Nouns

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As in English, in Italian a new word can be formed by combining two elements. In Italian, this process is called composizione (composition) and it creates a parola composta (compound word). This linguistic process of composition is instrumental in increasing vocabulary in modern language and is often used to create technical terms, as well as more popularly used ones. Take, for example, the words glottologia or autostrada.

In Italian, compound nouns may be comprised of two nouns, a noun and an adjective, a verb and a noun, two verbs, etc. Below you will find each category and examples for each. Note that this list is suggestive; Italian has thousands of compound nouns--far too many to list here!

noun + noun

capo + stazione = il capostazione
capo + giro = il capogiro
pesce + spada = il pescespada
pesce + cane = il pescecane
ferro + via = la ferrovia
madre + perla = la madreperla
madre + lingua = la madrelingua; il/la madrelingua
caffè + latte = il caffellatte

adjective + noun -or- noun + adjective

franco + bollo = il francobollo
gentile + uomo = il gentiluomo
cassa + forte = la cassaforte

adjective + adjective

sordo + muto = il sordomuto
piano + forte = il pianoforte

verb + verb

salire + scendere = il saliscendi
dormire + vegliare = il dormiveglia

verb + noun

guastare + feste = il guastafeste
aprire + bottiglie = l’apribottiglie
lavare + stoviglie = la lavastoviglie

verb + adverb or adverb + verb

buttare + fuori = il buttafuori
male + essere = il malessere
bene + essere = il benessere
bene + stare = il benestare

adverb + verb in the present participle form

bene + pensante = il benpensante
male + vivente = il malvivente

adverb + adjective

sempre + verde = il sempreverde

preposition or adverb + noun

anti + pasto = l'antipasto
sopra + nome = il soprannome
senza + tetto = il senzatetto
sotto + passaggio = il sottopassaggio
oltre + tomba = l’oltretomba

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